Human Genome Project And Its Current And Future Applications

Student NameT individu comp allowely toldyer NameClass NameDecember 14 , 2006Current and Future Applicationsof the benevolent Genome castSolomon , Berg and Martin assert that genomic science - the analysis of an organism s comp permite sequence of deoxyribonucleic vitriolic ( deoxyribonucleic acid ) - get come on exact a globewide effect on health by increasing knowledge of genetic energy and the body s responses to infectious diseases (Solomon et al 2 . Study of this central part of gentlemans gentleman existence has brought closely countless arguments twain for and against the science on the basis of the above mentioned health benefits and good reasoning Despite continued aggravation from some sects , the humane Genome be sick has persevered and in 2000 the sequencing of human deoxyribonucleic acid was aced and produce the next year based on the deoxyribonucleic acid from 6 to 10 un set peopleScientists ar excited about the advances in genome look into be start they know that with the identification of individual genes and their effects on the human body , they will be able to speck susceptibility to disease and intellectual slipistics . Since all(prenominal) human universe is essentially programmed from their DNA , these codes hold the use up necessary to supply an happier and longer life to anyone . Identifying genes associated with nondisease characteristics will make it possible to send off pharmacological and perhaps even genetic interventions to enhance verificatory traits and eliminate or reduce those that ar undesirable (Mehlman et al 40In the last five years since the publication of the completed world Genome Project , scientists in the moral health field of honor take aim used the information to evaluate the state of mental maladyes . These researchers subscribe to been able to identify several genes that are responsible for frequent mental illnesses like schizophrenia , depression and Alzheimer s disease (Andreasen 5 . With this information , scientists and health professionals are becoming able to s disregard for such genes before a baby is born and let parents know if the fetus is bound to develop a weaken disease . This is starting to be the norm with diseases like mountain s syndrome , and scientists expect that mental illnesses and health issues related to develop will be pinpointed before birth in the near futureWhere the gray are concerned , scientists foot use the Human Genome Project data to identify those diss that are brought on subsequently years of dormancy within the genes . Arthritis , Alzheimer s , dementia and a all host of age-related diseases are encoded within the human DNA and scientists neck that if they are able to isolate these genes the health profession can make great steps towards eradicating these conditions in the future . The aging process could be slowed and people would be able to make love fully healthy detains for a longer period of sentence This means that the average life span would be transpose magnitude and with the proper implementation of the research , we could look forward to better and longer lives with simple genetic engineering (Huerta 119Citizens throughout the world are increasingly concerned about the ethical risks behindhand genetic engineering , however the benefits of the Human Genome Project cannot be simply cast aside . Although the work of sequencing human DNA has been accomplished now , scientists still are working towards the complete identification of all genes in the sequence and knowing further how many there actually are . Estimates have settled around 30 000 , each of these responsible for a grumpy feature of the human body and , ultimately , the human character . Future work on the human genome will concenter on identifying each individual gene and its item persona within the body during different stages of growth and developmentThe advances make in the last five years of human genome research have basically served to add onto the basic framework that is the sequencing Scientists are recognizing specific genes responsible for different kinds of human characteristics and bodily forms - the more research that is done , the less it meetms we are actually able to work up anything even remotely like free will . Genes may be accountable for not only diseases like colorful failure or cancers , diabetes and mental illnesses but things like spiritualism and personalityGenes found on chromosome 22 have been linked to 27 different diseases that have a genetic component to the illness . Despite this concrete connection , scientists cannot locate the exact military position of the specific genes nor can they say for certain what role each plays in the development of any of the 27 diseases , including schizophrenia . progress research will follow these promising discoveries and hopefully turn over to the isolation of these genes and the ability to counter their effects or live without them entirelyThe success of the Human Genome Project has allowed genome scientists to map out the DNA of new(prenominal) creatures and understand not only them as soften species but the panaches in which they interact with our have got species to cause ill health and disease . The genomes of the Plasmodium and Trypanosoma parasites - causes of malaria and African quiescency sickness in humans - have been published and the information is being used to understand how to vaccinate against the diseases . trim back s syndrome has been introduce down to the appearance of 47 chromosomes one more than in a person without the dis . Chromosome 21 is repeated in such people and therefore it is due to a genetic quality in the chromosome that a person will develop down pat(p) s syndrome . With genetic hire in this area scientists will be able to discover more about the disease and wherefore the duplicated genes occur and what it is that they do to affect a person some otherwise than another with only 46 chromosomes (Solomon et al 294 . The genes on this chromosome are being analyze not only to combat Down s syndrome , but to discover how they are related to several other mental illnesses . These genes have a connection with many mental diss and behaviors and scientists are working to discover but how these genes guide to affect such an array of diseases in the brain . This is a essential development in science due in a flash to the Human Genome Project , since before genetic study researchers analyze the brain and mental diss had to rely on somatic evidence in the brain itself . Now such scientists can develop new theories and expand on established theories with the internalization of genetic understand about why the brain develops the way it doesThe research that excites scientists the most are the genome studies of non-human primates like Chimpanzees . These apes are our closest living genetic relatives , and with their DNA sequence compared with our own , we can take note of the differences and see where our own species began to change and differentiate itself from the apes .

Evolutionary process can be identified with genetic studies and the Human Genome Project is the essential ingredient to patterned advance in the concept of evolution itself Whereas anthropologists and evolutionary archaeologists have been at a loss as to when humans developed the mental and somatogenic language skills that set us apart from other species , geneticists could likely be able to help track these changes as research continues on the human DNA sequenceAs for the Human Genome Project itself , the publication of this research has actually spawned several sub handle of genetic study that could not have existed before human DNA was studied so closely . With every new field of sympathy , scientists understand the need to specialize and advance research in ever smaller areas of study , and genetics is no elision . Current subfields of this science include bioinformatics , pharmacogenetics , and proteomics . Bioinformatics is also known as biological computing the storage , retrieval and comparison of DNA sequences within a given species and among different species (Solomon et al 294 . Pharmacogenetics focuses on the medical aspects of genetic information , while proteomics is the study of all of the proteins that are coded for within the human genome . These fields are all taking genetic study to a new level thanks to the Human Genome Project , and with specialized research in these fields scientists will be able to concentrate on the very concentrated amounts of information inherent in every strand of DNA . In particular , Pharmacogenetics is a field of study worth pursuing , and government controlled health bodies would be well advised to invest in the future of this categorisation of research Medical knowledge cultivated from genetic study is one of the only reasons that the average person is willing to let genetic study go forward , since it seems to balance out the uncertainty of ethical conditions of the science . Ethical risks have ever so been an issue in scientific research , no guinea pig what the field , but geneticists have taken more than their light share of criticismAs scientists continue to delve into the information provided by the Human Genome Project , they are looking for connections between our genes and everything that makes us human . Not just for medical purposes , but for the knowledge that comes of judgement what makes us what we all are as people what makes us similar and yet different from one another Dupre (70 ) makes the crucial point that science - be it genetics or biological science or psychology - is all really a merge rationale of the entire world and universe that we can see and are interacting with on some level . Because of this underlying anticipation , genome studies are not solely scientific in their endeavors , and uncomplete are any of the other sciencesThe Human Genome Project was in essence a way to look at the physical realities of being human , but in doing so it is a way to come to terms with what we each are made of , spirit or genes . The future applications of the Human Genome Project are already set in place scientists know just what results the research is capable of producing and they are more excited than anyone about the possibilities for medical science and even seemingly unrelated fields like philosophy . Fundamentally , however , the Project has and will continue to have a major impact on health issues of people worldwideWorks CitedAndreasen , Nancy . Brave New header : inhibit Mental Illness in the Era of the Genome . New York : Oxford University machinate , 2003Dupre , John . Human Nature and the Limits of Science . Oxford , England Clarendon , 2001Huerta , Michael and Stephen Koslow (eds . Neuroinformatics : An Overview of the Human Brain Project . Mahway , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1997Mehlman , Maxwell . Access to the Genome : The Challenge to comparison Washington D .C : Georgetown University Press , 1998Solomon , Eldra , Linda Berg and Diana Martin . Biology . Belmont , CA Thompson Brooks /Cole , 2005PAGEPAGE 1STUDENT SURNAME ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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