Elliott Jaques has been critical of the truth that modern organizations tend to consist of as well numerous hierarchical levels (Jaques, 1976, p. 127). Robert H. Simmons has described 5 levels of activity in organizational structures: the policy-making level, the strategic level, the tactical level, the operational level, and the performance level, "where the work of the business is really done" (Simmons, p. 54).
Gareth Morgan has also noted that organizational structure provides a source for political control. Organizational structure is used as a "political instrument," for example, whenever structural developments "motivated by political considerations regarding difficulties of control" (Morgan, 1989, p. 163). It could be noted that those in control of an business tend to be those ranked greatest in the organization's structural hierarchy.
Bureaucracy is a common feature in most large organizations. As described by the sociologist Max Weber, bureaucracy "routinizes the program of administration exactly as the machine routinizes production" (Morgan, 1989, p. 24).
In conclusion, it can also be noticed that organizational effectiveness is partially dependent upon traditional aspects such as structure, development and adoption of advanced technologies. At the same time, however, there is a growing consensus that true organizational effectiveness is also dependent upon finding such things as humaneness and ethics during the structure of the organization. Even Max Weber was aware that the bureaucratic approach to running an corporation is not necessarily the very best one to follow in all instances (Morgan, 1989, p. 345).
It has also been observed that technological advancement plays a vital role in determining the effectiveness of a given organizational structure. Control of technology represents a basis for power during the firm since it enhances the "ability of humans to manipulate, control, and impose themselves on their environment" (Morgan, 1989, p. 171).
Morgan, G. (1989). Images of organization. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
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